Context.—There is a substantial risk of a second cancer for persons with hereditary
retinoblastoma, which is enhanced by radiotherapy. Objective.—To examine long-term risk
of new primary cancers in survivors of childhood retinoblastoma and quantify the role of
radiotherapy in sarcoma development. Design.—Cohort incidence study of patients with
retinoblastoma followed for a median of 20 years, and nested case-control study of a
radiation dose-response relationship for bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Setting/Participants …